Process of producing core elements.



R. G. JAMES.

PROCESS OP PRODUCING GORE ELEMENTS.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.19. 1903.

PATENTED AUG. 16, 1904.

No. 767,410. Patented August 16, 1904. v

UNITED STATES PATENT EEicE.

ROSW ELL GEORGE JAMES, OF LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY, ASSIGNOR OF l ONE-HALF TO AMERICUS F. CALLAHAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

PROCESS OF PRODUCING CORE ELEMENTS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 767,410, dated August 16, 1904,

Application iiled October 19, 1903. Serial No. 177,634. (No specimens.)

T @ZZ whom t may concern: vided with small openings in its substance to 50 BeitknownthatLRoswELL GEORGE JAMES, act as gas-vents, and a surrounding annular ,im

a citizen of the United States, residing at layer of combustible material whose particles Louisville, in the county of Jeiferson and State in the preferred embodiment of the invention of Kentucky, have invented a certain new and are loose with respect to each other in a comusefulImprovementinProcessesofProducing minuted state and which may preferably be Core Elements, of which the following is a sawdust, with which may be mixed some subfull, clear, concise, and exact description, refstance to promote combustion, as resin. I erence being had to the accompanying drawhave provided a container of sheet material 1o ings, forming a part of this specification. for this combustible material, which itself may My invention relates to cores used in casting or may not be combustible, as preferred, pipes and cylinders, and has for its object the cheese-cloth answering admirably for cores provision of an improved process for forming of smaller size, whereas heavier fabric may core elements which may be more readily and be employed for cores of the larger sizes.

15 cheaply formed and very effectively used. Einally,an annular layer or envelop, prefer- Hitherto in making cores for pipes and cylably of plastic loam, such as is now employed, inders it has been customary to wrap hay or is placed about the initial layer produced with straw about a core-bar, and upon this foundathe aid of the container. tiona coating' of plasticloam was placed,which I consider it to be broadly new with me to zo coating being dried constituted the castingcoatthe core-barwitha combustible substance surface to form and define the inner surface whether the particles thereof are loose with of the casting. In this way the porous foundarespect to each other or otherwise, as in certion for the outer layer of loam is secured, tain plastic compounds that in themselves will whereby the escape of gases generated in castnot remain upon the core-bar in proper shape,

25 ing is permitted and whereby the core is but which require the addition of my container formed in part of inflammable material that in being held in place upon the core-bar to is not initially subject to the consuming heat effect the formation of the inner layer, about of the casting, but to which said consuming which the outer layer may afterward be heat finds its way through the outer coating placed, and I desire to claim herein as a proc- 30 of loam after the poured metal has been suiiess the method of producing a core element ciently solidified to maintain its set, wherein which a container is employed for holding 8O after the core-bar may be readily withdrawn the inner layer in position as it is formed and. and the pipe removed from its mold, the comprior to ythe application ofthe usual plastic bustible material having been sufficiently conloam or other outer coating, which outer layer 3 5 sumed by the heat to permit the release of the may at any suitable time thereafter be formed.

core-bar. To those skilled in the art it is ob- I consider it to be broadly new with me to vious that many disadvantages are attendant thus hold a loose layer of combustible mateupon the use of this core and the way of prorial or material destructible by heat, and in ducingit. Among the objections to the prior certain of the claims I use the term loose 4o practice maybe mentioned the cost of produclayer in the sense of a layer of combustible ing the cores and the difficulty of forming the material or material destructible by heat 9o layer initiallysuperimposed upon the corebar which will not maintain itself upon the corewith sufcient rigidity to act as a proper founbar, but which requires the addition of a condation for the envelop of loam. tainer' to hold the same in position in accord- 45 In practicing my inventionIproduce a core ance with my invention. The outer layer of heterogeneous formation comprising in the may at any suitable time thereafter be formed 9 5 preferred embodimentof theinventionacore-` thereon. In practice, however, I prefer as bar made of iron or other suitable material, an inner layer comminuted substance whose preferably formed hollow and desirably proparts are loose with respect to each other. I

preferably dispose the first annular layer upon the core-bar by mechanism in which means are included for rotating the core-bar in journals in which said core-bar is temporarily located, winding a ribbon, preferably formed of combustible fabric, as cheese-cloth, upon the core-bar froma reel, pouring the comlninuted or other material upon this ribbon as it is being' passed to the core-bar, which combustible material is thus confined by the spiral wrapping of the container, which obviously may be wound about the forming layer of combustible material with great firmness to secure a combustible layer that may be of great rigidity to act as a sufficient support for the added coating of loam, yet which is readily sufficiently destroyed or collapsed when the molten metal is poured between the core thus formed and the metal has become sufficiently set, by which time .consuming heat has penetrated to the said combustible layer.

I will explain my invention more fully by reference to the accompanying drawings, in whichw Figure 1 is an end view, somewhat diagrammatic in nature, showing one type of apparatus that may be employed in making the improved core. Fig. 2 is a view taken in direction of arrow 2 of Fig'. 1. Fig'. 3 is a view illustrating a core-bar with the coverings thereon formed in accordance with the invention, indicated in section, a mold and plastic layer in section being shown in disposition about the composite core element. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section, on an enlarged scale, of a longitudinal portion of the core. Fig. 5 is an end section, on an enlarged scale, of the core constructed in accordance with my invention.

Like parts are indicated by similar characters of reference throughout the different Views.

In the drawings l have illustrated one of many types of` mechanism that may be employed in carrying out the invention. In the apparatus illustrated there is provided a pair of stationarily-disposed journals 1 and 2, in which the core-bar 3 of any preferred form may be temporarily disposed for the purpose of superiinposing thereon the annular layer of combustible material. The journal 1 has a displaceable cap 4, which when out of position will permit of the insertion of the core-bar shaft 5 within a recess in the hub 6 of the drivingpulley 7, fixed connection between the said hub and shaft being desirably effected by means of a set-screw 8. On either side and parallel with the axis of rotation of the core-bar is located a Stringer 9, supporting rails 10, upon which wheels 11 may run, these wheels being journaled upon bearings 12, projecting downwardly from a platform 13. This platform 13 is for the sake of clearness of illustration shown considerably above the core-bar 3 and is provided with pillow-blocks 14, affording bearings for the shaft of the reel 15, the said reel carrying` the suitable sheet material, as cheese-cloth 15/ or other fabric, that is to constitute the container for the combustible material. In the preferred way of forming the core the container is desirably'in the form of a ribbon of suitable width, which is drawn onto the core-bar upon the rotation of the said core-bar, the ribbon being anchored to the core-bar to secure its initial engagement therewith and to force its removal from the reel. The ribbon is desirably led over a guidingidler 16, which is mounted upon suitable hangers 17, depending' from the lower side of the platform. made in separate sections, slots 18 being desirably formed in one section, through which clamping-bolts may be passed. In order that the ribbon may be wound upon the core-bar with sufficient tightness, I apply to the shaft of the reel some braking appliance, as the friction spring-fingers 19. rI`he platform or carrier 13 also, desirably, supports a chute 20, whose discharge-opening is desirably located very near the core-bar. The hopper or chute is desirably rotatably mounted upon a shaft 20@ to which an arm 202 is rigidly secured, this arrangement being' arranged in coperative relation with a segment 203, concentric with the shaft and mounted upon the platform, the arm having' a clamping set-screw 20* for securing' it in engagement with any selected portion of the segment to maintain any adjustment that has been effected, thereby determining the elevation of the mouth of the chute above the container as it advances to the core-bar. The material within the chute may be agitated by a poker or otherwise. The material that is to form the combustible layer 205 of the core, such as sawdustis fed through the chute onto the ribbon as it is advanced upon the core-bar. The thickness of this combustible layer may be regulated by the rate of flow of the combustible material upon the ribbon. The platform is advanced at a rate desirably having a fixed ratio to the speed of rotation of the core-bar, so that the ribbon is spil-ally wound upon the core-bar at a uniform pitch throughout, each spiral turn of the ribbon overlapping the previouslyformed spiral, so as to eliminate interstices in the container through which the combustible material might issue. The ,chute by being' mounted upon the same platform with the reel obviously has its spout immediately over the portion of the ribbon that is about to be wound upon the core-bar, so that the combustible material is effectively disposed between the container and the core-bar. Ob-

viously other means than those illustrated may be employed for carrying out the general purpose of the mechanism shown, and I do not, therefore, wish to be limited to the precise apparatus illustrated.

These hangers are preferably y TOO The core-bar shown is of the type well known to those skilled in this art and is provided with a number of small vent-holes 22, communicating with the hollow interior of the core-bar. After the initial layer of combustible material has been disposed upon the core-bar with the aid of the container the layer-or envelop 23 of plastic loam is disposed about the combustible layer and afterward dried in an oven. After the container has been placed about the core-bar the free end thereof may be suitably anchored in place, as by means of glue or string, to maintain the combustible layer intact. After the composite core is produced it is placed within a mold 24, provided in a flask 25 in accordance with well-known practice in the art, after the usual coating of plumbago or pipe-facing has been placed upon the core. After the molten metal has been poured into the space between my improved composite core and the mold said metal 4first sets, the outer layer of plastic loam being' sufficiently a non-conductor of heat to prevent the heat from the hot metal from penetrating` in sufficient degree to the combustible layer to cause its disintegration by burning. This layer of plastic loam, however, will ultimately permit the passage of heat to the combustible material in sufficient degree to disintegrate the same, but not until the metal has sufficiently set. After the layer of combustible material has been disintegrated the core-bar may be withdrawn and again used.

Some of the comminuted combustible material that I have employed has not responded to heat as quickly as desired. I therefore prefer to make the container of combustible material, so that if the comminuted material is unusually refractory a discharge thereof will be permitted by the destruction of the container.

ln my application, Serial No. 177,633, filed October 19, 1903, I have claimed the improved product herein disclosed.

I have herein specifically described the preferred embodiment of my invention; but I do not wish to be limited to the precise details set forth; but,

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure byLetters Patentl. The herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in anchoring a ribbon-like container to the corebar, wrapping the said container spirally about the core-bar and feeding material that may be disintegrated by destructive heat upon the ribbon-like container as it is wound upon the core-bar, whereby said material is interposed between the container and the core-bar and thereby held in position upon the core-bar, substantially as described.

Q. The herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in placinga loose layer of material to be disintegrated by destructive heat about a core-bar and spirally wrapping a ribbon-like securing-container about the said layer to hold it in position upon the core-bar, substantially as described.

3. The herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in placing' a loose layer of material to be disintegrated by destructive heat about a core-bar and in binding said loose layer by a securingcontainer and thereby holding it upon the corebar, substantially as described.

4. rlhe herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in anchoring a container to the core-bar, wrapping the said container about the core-bar and feeding material that may be disintegrated by destructive heat upon the container as it is wound upon the core-bar, whereby said material is interposed between the container and the corebar and thereby held in position, substantially as described.

The herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in anchoring a ribbon-like container to the corebar,wrapping the said container spirally about the core-bar, feeding material that may be disintegrated by destructive heat upon the ribbon-like container as it is wound upon the corebar, whereby said material is interposed between the container and the core-bar and thereby held in position upon the core-bar and placing a coating of plastic loam about the container, substantially as described.

6. The herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in placing a loose layer ofmaterial to be disintegrated by destructive heat about a core-bar, spirally wrapping a ribbon-like securing-container about the said layer to hold it in position upon the core-bar and placing a coating' of plastic loam about the container, substantially as described.

7. The herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in placing a loose layer of material to be disintegrated by destructive heat about a core-bar, in placing about the said layer a securing-container serving to hold it upon the core-bar and placing a coating of plastic loam about the container, substantially as described.

8. The herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in anchoring' a container to the core-bar, wrapping the said container about the core-bar, feeding material that may be disintegrated by destructive heat upon the container as it is wound upon the core-bar, whereby said material is interposed between the container and the corebar and thereby held in position upon the core-bar and placing a coating of plastic loam about the container, substantially as described.

9. The herein-described process of forming a casting-core element, which consists in anchoring a ribbon-like container to the corebar, wrapping the said container spirally about the core-bar, feeding material that may be dis- IIO integrated by destructive heat upon the ribbon-like container as it is wound upon the corebar, whereby said material is interposed between the container and the core-bar and thereby held in position upon the core-bar, and placing' a coating of plastic loam about the layer, substantially as described.

10. The herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in placing a loose layer of material to be disintegrated by destructive heat about a coro-bar. spirally wrapping' a ribbon-like securing-container about the said layer, to hold it in position upon the core-bar and placing a coating of plastic loam about the layer, substantially as described.

11. The herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in placing' a loose layer of material to be disintegrated by destructive heat about a core-bar, in placing about the said layer a securing-container serving` to hold the layer upon the core-bar, and placing' a coating of plastic loam about the layer, substantially as described.

12. rlhe herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in anchoring' a container to the core-bar, wrapping the said container about the core-bar, feeding' a material that may be disintegrated by destructive heat upon the container as it is wound upon the core-bar, whereby said material is interposed between the container' and the core-bar and thereby held in position upon the core-bar, and placing a coating of plastic loam about the layer, substantially as described.

13. The herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in placing a loose layer of material to be disintegrated by destructive heat about a core-bar, spirally wrapping a ribbon-like securing-container about the said layer to hold it in position upon the core-bar, and placing a coating' about the layer, substantially as described.

14. T he herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in placing a loose layer of material to be disintegrated by destructive heat about a core-bar, binding said loose layer by a securing-container thereby holding it upon the core-bar. and placing' a coating about the layer, substantially as described.

l5. The herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in wrapping a container about a core-bar, feeding' material that may be disintegrated by destructive heat upon the container as it is wound ,upon the core-bar1 whereby said material is interposed between the container and the corebar and thereby held in position upon the core-bar, and placing a coating about the layer, substantially as described.

1G. The herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in placing a loose layer of material to lbe disintegrated by destructive heat about a core-bar, in placing' about the said layer a ribbon-like securing-container serving to hold the layer upon the core-bar, and placing a coating about the layer, substantially as described.

.17. rl`he herein-described process of forming a casting-core element which consists in spirally wrapping a container about a core-bar, feeding' material that may be disintegrated by destructive heat upon the container as it is wound upon the core-bai', whereby said material is interposed between the container and the core-bar and thereby held in position upon the core-bar, and placing a coating about the layer, substantially as described.

18. Theherein-described process of forming a casting-core element, which consists in placing a layer of comminuted material whose particles are loose with respect to each other about a core-bar and placing' a container about said layer to hold it in place upon the corebar, substantially as described.

19. The herein-described process of forming a casting-core element, which consists in placing' a layer of comminuted material whose particles are loose with respect to each other about a core-bar and placing a container of combustible material about said layer to hold it in place upon the core-bar,'substantially as described.

20. The herein-described process of forming' a casting-core element, which consists in placing' a layer of comminuted material about a core-bar and placing a container about said layer to hold it in place upon the core-bar, substantially as described.

21. The herein-described process of forming' a casting-core element, which consists in placing' a layer of comminuted material about a core-bar and placing a container of combustible material about said layer to hold it in place upon the core-bar, substantially as described.

2Q. rihe herein-described process of forming a casting-core element, which consists in placing a layer of comminuted material whose particles are loose with respect to each other about a core-bar, placing a container about said layer to hold it in place upon the core-bar, and placing' a coating of refractory material about the container',substantially as described.

23. The herein-described process of forming' a casting-core element, which consists in placing' a layer of comminuted material whose particles are loose with respect to each other about a core-bar, placing a container of combustible material about said layer to hold it in place upon the core-bar, and placing a coating of refractory material about the container, substantially as described.

24E. The herein-described process of forming a casting-core element, which consists in placing' a layer of comminuted material about a core-bar, placing' a container about said layer IOO IOS

IIO

IIS

refractory material about the container, sub- IO stantiallyT as described.

In Witness Whereotl l hereunto subscribe my name this 17 th day of October, A. D. 1903.

ROSWELL GEORGE JAMES.

lhlitnesses:

GEORGE L. CRAGG, C. H. CRAWFORD. 

